Reproductive Plans And Utilization of Contraceptives Among Women Living With HIV

Abstract

Background:

Despite public health policies aimed at providing universal access to reproductive health care services, the reproductive health needs of women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (WLHIV) are not adequately met. This study assesses the reproductive plans and utilization of contraceptives among WLHIV.

Methods:

This was a cross sectional descriptive study, which adopted a mixed method approach. A total of 400 respondents were recruited from two tertiary health institutions in Nigeria using systematic sampling technique. A validated structured self-administered questionnaire developed by the researcher was used to collect quantitative data for the study. The questionnaire consists of close ended questions related to study objectives. Quantitative data collected were coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) windows version 22 and statistical significance was set at p <0.05. The qualitative aspect of the study utilized focus group discussion for data collection.

Results:

The mean and standard deviation (SD) age of enrolled respondents was 37.42±7.51 years, and about 59.0 percent were currently married. The prevalence of reproductive desire among WLHIV was comparatively high at 56.5 percent. Furthermore, about 57 percent of the WLHIV had good knowledge of available contraceptives. The current utilization of contraceptive was 47.3 percent. The results revealed significant association between knowledge level of contraceptive options and utilization of contraceptives (X² = 7.21, df = 1, p =.007), and level of education and utilization of contraceptives (X² = 21.02, df = 3, p =.001) among women living with HIV. Also, a significant association was found between the respondents’ desires to have babies and their knowledge level of contraceptive options that prevent and reduce the risk of vertical transmission of HIV infection (X²= 13.717; P = 0.03).

Conclusions and Global Health Implication:

Quality reproductive health service bridges the gaps in the continuum of reproductive health and addresses the risk associated with pregnancy in WLHIV. Integration of reproductive health care in the management of HIV may improve the health of childbearing women living with HIV.