Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Antenatal Attendees in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Nigeria

Abstract

Background and Objective

Every expectant mother is at risk of complications during pregnancy, delivery, or after delivery. Delays in receiving care with accompanying maternal morbidity and mortality can be significantly reduced with adequate birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR). This study aims to determine the factors affecting BPCR among antenatal attendees in Gusau, Zamfara State, a security-challenged setting.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Federal Medical Center, Gusau, Nigeria. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 26. Descriptive data using means, percentages, and frequency were presented in tables. Statistical testing using Chi-square for bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression for multivariate analysis was carried out with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results

One hundred and forty-seven women were recruited; 111 (75.5%) had good knowledge of the danger signs of pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period. One hundred and fourteen (77.6%) were birth-prepared and complications-ready. One hundred and ten (75%) identified insecurity as the most important hindrance to BPCR. The respondents with higher educational levels were thrice more likely to be birth-prepared and complications-ready (OR: 2.95, 95% CI: [1.65–5.27]). The women were twice more likely to be birth-prepared and complications-ready with an increase of ₦20,000 ($46.3) in monthly income (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.97–5.29).

Conclusion and Global Health Implications

Education and wealth status are the key determinants of BPCR. Low educational status, financial constraints, and security challenges were identified as barriers that must be addressed to improve maternal and infant well-being.