Effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Index Testing: A Global Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMA_4_2025Keywords:
- Contact Tracing,
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus,
- HIV Testing,
- Index Case Testing,
- Linkage to Care
Abstract
Over 2.5 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in India. The World Health Organization recommends HIV self-screening and partner notification services. Index testing is a case-finding approach that focuses on eliciting the sexual or needle-sharing partners and biological children of HIV-positive individuals. This review aims to understand the effectiveness of index case testing in the uptake of HIV diagnosis and care.
Methods:A scoping review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of HIV index case testing. Studies published between 2010 and 2024 in English were included. A total of 10 final studies were included in this scoping review. No such studies were found in the Indian context.
Results:The studies were from Zimbabwe, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Lesotho, Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique, and Ukraine. Sample sizes ranged from under 1,000 individuals to large-scale community-based programs enrolling over 38,000 participants. The studies demonstrated the effectiveness of index case testing in identifying previously undiagnosed HIV infections among sexual partners (up to 51%) and children (4.0–5.8%) of people living with HIV. The studies also indicated high acceptance rates and feasibility of the approach.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications:HIV index case testing presents a valuable strategy for reaching diverse populations at risk for HIV infection and improving care linkages. Further research is needed to explore cost-effectiveness and optimize implementation strategies for various contexts.
Downloads
Similar Articles
- Elangovan Arumugam, Joseph K. David, Santhakumar Aridoss, Nagaraj Jaganathasamy, Malathi Mathiyazhakan, Ganesh Balasubramanian, Manikandan Natesan, VM, Padmapriya, BK Kirubakaran, Sanjay Patel, Pradeep Kumar, Shobini Rajan, An Analysis of Levels and Trends in HIV Prevalence Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Karnataka, South India, 2003-2019 , Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Michelle Meyer, Molly Elmer-DeWitt, Cinthia Blat, Starley B Shade, Ijaa Kapule, Elizabeth Bukusi, Craig R Cohen, Lisa Abuogi, Evaluation and Utility of a Family Information Table to Identify and Test Children at Risk for HIV in Kenya , Vol. 2 No. 2 (2014): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Bartholomew Boniface Ochonye, Paul Umoh, Olaniyi Felix Sanni, Abiye Kalaiwo, Roger Abang, Agboola Oguntonade, Paul Amechi, Godwin Emmanuel, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and HIV Prevention Among Key Populations in Nigeria , Vol. 13 No. Continuous (2024): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Margaret Omowaleola Akinwaare, Funmilayo A. Okanlawon, Monisola A. Popoola, Omotayo O. Adetunji, Birth Preparedness Plans and Status Disclosure Among Pregnant Women Living with HIV Who are Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria , Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Elizabeth Armstrong-Mensah, Krystal Ruiz, Aminata Fofana, Victoria Hawley, Perinatal HIV Transmission Prevention: Challenges among Women Living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa , Vol. 9 No. 3 (2020): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Ahmad Abdulhadi, Nasiru Abdullahi, Ibrahim Yusuf, Basheer I. Waziri, Kasimu Mamuda , Husna F. Ibrahim, Khadija Muhammad, Maryam M. Ibrahim , Aisha A. Abdullahi, Hassan A. Murtala, Muhammad A. Abbas, Hamisu M. Salihu, A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Innovative Approaches in Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Challenges and Future Directions , Vol. 15 (2026): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Alana F. Hairston, Emily A. Bobrow, Christian S. Pitter, Towards the Elimination of Pediatric HIV: Enhancing Maternal, Sexual, and Reproductive Health Services , Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Céline N. Nkenfou, Marie-Nicole Ngoufack, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Barbara T. Atogho, Constantin Tchakounte, Brian T. Bongwong, Carine N. Nguefeu-Tchinda, Elise Elong, Laeticia H. Yatchou, Joel K. Kameni, Aline Tiga, Wilfred F. Mbacham, Alexis Ndjolo, Maternal Socio-Demographic Factors and Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in the North Region of Cameroon , Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Godwin Omokhagbo Emmanuel, Olaniyi Felix Sanni, Abang Roger, Paul Umoh, Ochonye Bartholomew Boniface, Amechi Paul, Ismaeel Mohammed Yahaya, Agie Muhmmad Auwal, Improving HIV Prevention for Key Populations in Nigeria: Insights on Access, Barriers, Stigma, and Service Utilization , Vol. 14 No. Continuous (2025): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Michelle Berlacher, Timothy Mercer, Edith O. Apondi, Winfred Mwangi, Edwin Were, Megan S. McHenry, Integrating Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Care into General Maternal Child Health Care in Western Kenya , Vol. 10 No. 1 (2021): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright © 2025 Abhiruchi Galhotra, Sanjana Agrawal, Aditi Chandrakar. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc., USA.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , which permits others to remix, transform, and build upon the work non-commercially, provided the original author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the same terms.