Effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Index Testing: A Global Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25259/IJMA_4_2025Keywords:
- Contact Tracing,
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus,
- HIV Testing,
- Index Case Testing,
- Linkage to Care
Abstract
Over 2.5 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in India. The World Health Organization recommends HIV self-screening and partner notification services. Index testing is a case-finding approach that focuses on eliciting the sexual or needle-sharing partners and biological children of HIV-positive individuals. This review aims to understand the effectiveness of index case testing in the uptake of HIV diagnosis and care.
Methods:A scoping review was conducted to examine the effectiveness of HIV index case testing. Studies published between 2010 and 2024 in English were included. A total of 10 final studies were included in this scoping review. No such studies were found in the Indian context.
Results:The studies were from Zimbabwe, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Lesotho, Kenya, Zambia, Mozambique, and Ukraine. Sample sizes ranged from under 1,000 individuals to large-scale community-based programs enrolling over 38,000 participants. The studies demonstrated the effectiveness of index case testing in identifying previously undiagnosed HIV infections among sexual partners (up to 51%) and children (4.0–5.8%) of people living with HIV. The studies also indicated high acceptance rates and feasibility of the approach.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications:HIV index case testing presents a valuable strategy for reaching diverse populations at risk for HIV infection and improving care linkages. Further research is needed to explore cost-effectiveness and optimize implementation strategies for various contexts.
Downloads
Similar Articles
- San Hone, Li Li, W. Scott Comulada, Roger Detels, Progress and Challenges of Implementing Decentralized HIV Testing For Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV – Myanmar , Vol. 8 No. 1 (2019): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Charles Kouanfack, Skinner Nguefack Lekelem, Fala Bede, Claude Ngwayu Nkfusai, Yvette Micha Nouafo, Christian Tchokonte, Nicaise Tsomo Zephirin, Pierre Joseph Fouda, Use of Trained Non-Medical Staff to Improve Access to HIV Testing Services in Africa: Implementation of the World Health Organization Opt-out Approach in Cameroon , Vol. 10 No. 1 (2021): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Kimberly Fryer, Chinyere N. Reid, Naciely Cabral, Jennifer Marshall, Usha Menon, Exploring Patients’ Needs and Desires for Quality Prenatal Care in Florida, United States , Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Elizabeth Armstrong-Mensah, Ato Kwamena Tetteh, Seung Choi, Utilization of Rapid Diagnostic Testing in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Effects on HIV Prevention , Vol. 10 No. 1 (2021): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Chaw Hay Thar, Young Hwa Lee, Young June Choe, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Knowledge and Attitude among Myanmar Women , Vol. 13 No. Continuous (2024): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Sanni Yaya, Gebretsadik Shibre, Dina Idriss-Wheeler, Olalekan A Uthman, Women’s Empowerment and HIV Testing Uptake: A Meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 33 Sub-Saharan African Countries , Vol. 9 No. 3 (2020): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Wah Myint, Aishatu Yusuf, Angela Nguyen, Elfreda Samman, HIV Testing, Household and Reproductive Health Decision-Making: The Role of Women Autonomy in a Nationally Representative Study in Cambodia , Vol. 14 No. Continuous (2025): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Zubairu Iliyasu, Fatimah Hassan-Hanga, Sadiq Isah Ajuji, Musa M. Bello, Safiyya S. Abdulkadir, Nafisa S. Nass, Hamisu M. Salihu, Muktar H. Aliyu, Correlates of Health Care Workers’ Knowledge and HIV-Exposed Infant Immunization Counseling Practice in Northern Nigeria , Vol. 10 No. 1 (2021): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Maria Vigil-Mallette, Daryle Pickens, Julliet Ogu, Deepa Dongarwar, Elizabeth Onugha, Hamisu M Salihu, Fifth Annual Summer Research Summit on Health Equity Organized by the Center of Excellence in Health Equity, Training and Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA on May 17, 2022 , Vol. 11 No. S2 (2022): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
- Esum Mathias Eyong, Nwana Yvette Ngwe, Claude Ngwayu Nfuksai, Loveline Lum Niba, Akoachere Jane-Francis, Prevalence of Occupational Exposure to HIV and Factors Associated with Compliance with Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Health Workers of the Biyem-Assi, Buea, and Limbe Health Districts of Cameroon Maternal and Child Health and AIDS , Vol. 11 No. 1 (2022): International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright © 2025 Abhiruchi Galhotra, Sanjana Agrawal, Aditi Chandrakar. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc., USA.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , which permits others to remix, transform, and build upon the work non-commercially, provided the original author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the same terms.